"MFECANE"

"More destruction was caused by those whom Shaka defeated, than by his own forces.  Such was the case of the Hlubi and the Ngwane.  Bereft of all social order, these refugees took to looting and pillaging wherever they went.  They reduced the landscape in the Natal and much of the Orange Free State into a wasteland.

This period of change became known as the "Mfecane", which is said to derive originally from a Zulu word meaning 'crushing'.  For the past ten years, the word and ideas behind it have aroused much debate and argument.

Many South African historians now believe that Europeans, and slave traders in particular, played a much larger part in upheaval in the region in the first quarter of the 19th century than was previously thought, and that too much emphasis has been put on Shaka's impact."

 

excerpted from "The Story Of Africa", BBC World Service